Why are studies on the health effects of smoking among individuals who smoke not a concern of environmental epidemiology? Explain the reason why exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is a concern of this discipline.
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Friis ( 2012 ) defines epidemiology to be a discipline that is concerned with the evaluation of the relationship or association between hazards in the environment and health outcomes . Environmental epidemiology on the other hand is a term that describes a study of health conditions and diseases in a particular population , which are associated to environmental factors . There are various factors that need to be considered before considering a health outcome to be environmental epidemiology . One of these factors is according to Friis ( 2012 is that exposure factors have to be beyond a person ‘s immediate control . Therefore , when studying health effects relating to a smoking individual , this is not considered to be an environmental epidemiology . However , exposure of people to secondhand cigarette smoke is categorized as an environmental epidemiology considering that those who are affected by this smoke particularly the non-smokers are unable to control it whenever they are exposed to the smoke in the environment [ Ro b122 ] .