Discuss the biopsychosocial factors of stress. Explain the ramifications.
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Biopsychosocial Model
According to BPS, biological characteristics, social conditions, and behavioral factors produce illness behaviors and are therefore important consideration while making diagnosis.
Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat
This provides the theoretical framework that describes the relationship among cognitive appraisal, physiological, and behavioral responses to performance stressors in adults. According to BPS, adults experience less “challenge responses” in instances where they believe that they lack necessary resources to accomplish a task. Physiological, behavioral, and subjective reactions to stressors can be predicted by the cognitive appraisals and coping behaviors. Cognitive appraisal refers to threat and challenge. Psychological responses are not usually the same for threat and challenger cognitive appraisals.
Biopsychosocial Model Ramifications.
Using BPS model puts one at risk of confusing treatment and etiology. Treatment refers to medical attention and care given to a patient by someone in the medical profession. Etiology is a study to determine the origin and causes of a disease. A doctor’s job is to treat patience and not study them to determine causation and origination of the disease.
BPS model is unscientific. BPS model advocates for inclusivity of results which is not scientific. According to BPS, medicine and health in general can be affected by literally anything on the face of the earth including pride which Engel used in the death of the 60 year old while making his case for BPS model.
BPS has unclear boundaries. BPS model does not clearly define boundaries and puts no limit to interrelationships such as biology and psychology.
Pragmatic view. BPS expects medical doctors to widen their knowledge outside their areas of expertise. Doctors are expected to determine personal and psychological factors as to why their patients are ill. BPS model also assumes psychiatric is the highest and most important mental health discipline.
Biopsychosocial Model was advanced by George L. Engel in 1977.
Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat
Biological factors are age, gender, tissue health, genetics etc. Psychological factors include emotional health, mental health, beliefs and expectations. Finally, sociological factors are socioeconomics, peers, family circumstances, and family relationships.
Reference
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10723196_The_Robust_Nature_of_the_Biopsychosocial_Model_Challenge_and_Threat_A_Reply_to_Wright_and_Kirby
https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/theory-knowledge/201510/the-biopsychosocial-model-and-its-limitations