Do concepts such as “community-oriented policing” and “problem-oriented policing” represent real change in provision of law enforcement services, or are they merely old efforts dressed up as new programs? Explain your response.
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Community -oriented policing which actually combines traditional aspects of law enforcement with preventive measures, community partnership, community engagement and problem solving, Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vitter, Z., & Bennett, T. (2014). From the year 1930s to 1960s, police and the communities were separated from each other and that is I late 1960s, there was a call for community-oriented policing.
Problem-oriented policing is a policing strategy which involves the identification and analysis of specific crime and disorder problems with the main aim and objective of developing effective response to strategies. It is in history that police early 1970s and back were focusing on means rather than end according to Goldstein (1979). Problem-oriented policing required police to be proactive in underlying problems which actually target to reduce crime and disorder. This approach emphasizes research, analysis as well as crime prevention which is the main role of police.
They merely old efforts dressed up as new programs due to the following reasons:
They are traditional methods that were used since ancient time and thus it is not a new but some improvements have been incorporated.
Since ancient time to around late 1970s, this act was carried out by the community members and thus they would patrol to reduce chances of crime because most offenders usually commit a crime when there’s an opportunity. When there’s an opportunity, to commit a crime, offenders mostly escape without any trace.
They are an improvement of neighborhood watch which has existed since time immemorial and it still exists up to date in some communities and thus the current community -oriented policing and problem -oriented policing is purely and improvement of the traditional ones that have been existing and were existing.
In conclusion, the concepts community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing are not new at all but just an improvement of the traditional methods of policing.
References
Goldstein, H. (1979). Improving policing: A problem-oriented approach. Crime & delinquency, 25(2), 236-258.
Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vitter, Z., & Bennett, T. (2014). Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: a systematic review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10(4), 399-428.